2000 Year in Review The European Council of Civil Engineers (ECCE) was founded in 1985 and seeks to promote the highest technical and ethical standards for the profession throughout Europe. |
The voice of the professional civil engineer in Europe |
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| ECCE members gather at the end of the Rome meeting Saturday 6th May 2000 | |
| FOREWORD FROM ECCE President Professor António Adão da Fonseca To meet in Rome at the beginning of the Millennium must be a very auspicious start to the new century. The ECCE meeting was held in the very centre of Rome whose historic monuments and urban congestion illustrate very well the great engineering achievements of the past and the problems which confront modern engineers in the urban environment.Naturally, we had many issues to discuss and debate throughout our two day meetings which always seem to pass too quickly. I was both proud and pleased to launch ECCEs Code of Professional Conduct at our Rome meeting. The code is a brief one, not legally binding, but it is hoped that ECCE members will promote the code widely so that it will be followed actively on a voluntary basis. The code will be posted on the ECCE web site in the near future. I would also like to thank Mike Cottell of the Institution of Civil Engineers for his role in coming out of retirement from ECCE representation to chair this Task Force. Our colleagues at the Consiglio were generous and considerate hosts and ensured that our free time was well occupied in sampling the cuisine and hospitality for which their city is famed. It was a pleasure to see new faces from Lithuania, Malta and Poland at our meeting and a sadness to say farewell to Jean-Claude Parriaud of the CNISF who has headed the French representation on ECCE for a number of years. Our thoughts and good wishes for his retirement go with him and his family. In the summer months many of us will have the opportunity to take a break from our normal routines. I hope it will give us all the opportunity to refresh ourselves so that we can face the autumn with renewed enthusiasm for our tasks. António Adão da Fonseca, Portugal, July 2000 |
| ECCE NEWS: ECCE adopts a Code of Professional Conduct for European civil engineers |
The code commences with a preamble on what engineering needs to do to apply the code itself.
As Task Force Chairman Mike Cottell commented, "the code is a dynamic thing which should not just go into a bookcase. Engineers have particular duties to society, to the environment, to their own profession, to client and employer and to other engineers.
ECCE President Antonio Adao da Fonseca who set this initiative in motion and has reviewed codes from many member and other countries, emphasises that "the code translates basic values of the profession throughout Europe". Members are free to use the whole code or parts of it in their own countries but ECCE has no power to discipline, other than rely on its good judgement.
Items which appear in the code may be considered again in the future, reflecting the codes status as a living document. Antonio Adao da Fonseca will contact national organisations to ask them to promote the code and include it in the curriculum for professional engineers. A copy of the code will also be placed on the ECCE web site.
ECCE NEWS: ECCE participation in international Symposia |
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Photographed during the reception given by Helsinki city: are from left to right: Principal director Jouni Sarkijarvi Ministry of Environment; Vice chairman of Gosstroi, Larissa Barinova Russia, ECCE Vice-President and RIL representative to ECCE Yrjoe Matikainen, Pekka Korpinen Deputy Mayor of Helsinki |
Seven keynote lectures were given by Larissa Barinova ,Valery Abarykov, Jakov Rekitar, Jurij Zhukovskij, Valery Tischenko, Jukka Aho and Martti Rautee, the Chairman of Finnish -Russian Co-operation in Construction supplemented by some forty presentations. Together lectures and presentations formed a clear explanation of the present state and future of Russias construction market Russia and how to act there. Topics covered investment policy, design requirements, standards (SNIP and GOS)T ,certification, product approval, construction site requirements, logistics, final inspection and passing over to the customer, partnerships, risks, interesting projects and experiences of western firms in the market.
Mr Veikko Kauppila chaired the Scientific Committee and Professor Alexander Zabegayev represented ECCE applicant member the Russian Society of Civil Engineers.
RIL hosted a further International Symposium on 22nd 24th May 2000. ILCDES 2000 featured the Integrated Life-Cycle Design of Materials and Structures. The basic idea behind the Symposium was that material and structure design is a key factor in the development of a sustainable building and civil engineering practice. It was claimed that high life-cycle quality including functionality, technical performance, economy, ecology, safety, health and comfort may only be achieved through integrated life cycle design. "Integrated" in this context means the introduction of all requirements into design, whilst the term "life-cycle" means introduction of a time-span over generations into all calculations, evaluations and decisions.
| Carl-August Günther, of the German Section of ECCE, an ECCE
Vice-President attended the event and has given us his impressions. "The symposium was under the direction of RILEM, CIB and ISO and was organised by RIL and VTT. Participants from 29 countries around the world exchanged experience and developments on the theme of LCD. Many of the presentations dealt with the scientific and technical details surrounding this theme. Representatives from the Netherlands provided a number of practical examples. The uses of LCD relate to construction works of buildings from public buildings to bridges, port developments, streets and railways. The question asked of LCD at this time was: "if, for example, a building in its original conception cannot be used anymore, is it because this usage is no longer necessary or is the substance of the building in a bad state of construction?" In the case of not being useable for its original purposes, a solution can be found through LCD for other usage, e.g. from an administrative building to a students hostel. When use is no longer impossible because of the state of the construction, checks can be made on the basis of LCD:
For future building developments, the action should be as follows - a reversal of what is proposal for existing buildings:
According to the constructive elements described above, LCD can also include environmentally friendly usage of resources such as water and energy. In future use of construction elements in the sense of LCD, rain water usage is one element so that increasingly drinking water will be used only as a form of nourishment. Considerations should also be given to solar energy construction and optimal insulation. And there are also possibilities for considerable savings in energy usage to be made in regard to heating oil, gas and electricity. In this regard use of wind and water energy, solar technology are seen as environmentally friendly technologies in the sense of LCD. Lastly, but in the distant past through necessity there was practical usage of building materials within a region which created ecological building through reduced reliance on transport. But who are the people who should be dealing with LCD? These may be considered as the construction companies, the public purse in relation to those who have responsibility for state-sponsored construction. There will be an increase in new building costs relating to investment in property. However, the potential for saving lies in the more economically advantageous maintenance and status of the construction. The question of LCD is not really a technical question, it should also be considered under cultural aspects".Carl August Guenther, June 2000 |
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Pictured on the left are the organisers of the Life-Cycle Design Symposium held in Finland on 22nd-214th May 2000, flanked by ECCE Vice-Presidents Yrjö Matikainen of Finland and Carl-August Günther of Germany. |
The conclusions presented by the seminar indicated that many research works are on the same line and compatible. Research is perhaps too dominantly oriented towards analysis and assessment. There is a need for more design process and methods-orientation to fill the gaps, not overlapping with earlier works and generic models are needed, followed with local applications. It was considered that minimisation of material and water consumption as well as the minimisation of pollution into air, water and of construction waste going to landfills should become an higher priority of architects, construction engineers and industries and environmental legislation to the advantage of nature.
Participants believed that clients should be ready to pay for Life Cycle Design (LCD) as they will profit from it. International standardisation is going on in some areas (e.g. ISO and CEN). A need for the future is for new design process and design method-oriented standardisation.
A 549-page report on the ILCDES 2000 Symposium is published as RILEM Proceedings PRO 14 by RILEM Publications with ISBN reference 951-758-408-3, ISSN 0356-9403.
LINKING THE PROFESSION WITH CIVIL ENGINEERING EDUCATION THE EUCEET PROJECT |
The EUCEET project began in academic year 1998/1999, beating stiff competition to be accepted for European Commission funding. Romanian representative to ECCE, Professor Iacint Manoliu of the UAICR has kept ECCE members regularly informed on the EU-funded EUCEET Network (European Civil Engineering Education and Training) project.
The project is co-ordinated by the Paris-based Ecole National des Ponts et Chaussées. Its origins lie in a 1995 TEMPUS Project. 43 universities have joined the network. The project network has members from all EU countries and in addition includes the Czech Republic, Romania and Hungary. From EFTA both Norway and Liechtenstein are members.
The project aims to improve co-operation between universities, faculties and departments of civil engineering in Europe, with the involvement of academic and professional associations, are working together to assist in the development of civil engineering education and to increase its quality and effectiveness. Areas of mutual interest in civil engineering education include core curricula; post-graduate programmes and continuing professional development; quality assessment and mutual recognition; innovation and learning, plus the synergy university-research-industry in the construction sector of Europe.
With the commencement of work by a new EUCEET Working Group, ECCE has become more closely involved in the project. This Group is chaired by ECCE Past President Gérard Baron and has commenced a review of what Europes economic and professional environment seeks from civil engineering education. ECCE members will receive a questionnaire at the end of July. Additional copies can be obtained by sending an e-mail to fgbaron@club-internet.fr Responses are required by mid October 2000.| ECCEs FIRST MEETING OF THE MILLENNIUM ROME MAY 2000 |
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Rome, the
Eternal City, is the venue for ECCEs first meeting of the Millennium Host to the first ECCE meeting of the Millennium was the Consiglio Nazionale degli Ingegnere who ensured that ECCE members had a full agenda of social activity. Opening remarks to ECCE members were made by Sergio Polese, the President of the Consiglio Nazionale degli Ingegnere. |
| ECCE AND THE EUROPEAN INSTITUTIONS |
The European Commission Competitiveness in Construction report was brought before the Council of Ministers in November 1999. Throughout 1999 ECCE played an active role in supporting the Commissions activities to improve sector competitiveness. ICE member David Leonard, who has participated in a number of construction IT projects, together with ECCE Deputy Secretary Diana Maxwell and Jan Venstermans of ECCREDI, co-authored a report on IT as a factor of construction competitiveness. The Working Group has now moved to a second phase. John Whitwell, ECCE Secretary General, is an active member of the Education and Training Working Group set up in the latter part of 1999. This provides an opportunity to bring ECCE proposals for professional recognition into a discussion forum which involves other pan-European construction related organisations. This Group is in Phase 1 and will produce a report by autumn 2000.
ECCE is also maintaining a watching brief on the Sustainable Construction Working Group which has three sub-groups which include construction waste and energy, both being areas in which ECCE members have expressed interest and concern in recent years and has particular links to the sub-group dealing with construction waste.
THE EUROPEAN COMMISSIONS CONSTRUCTION UNITUntil 1999 the European Constructions unit was located in the Industry Directorate General (D.G.) of the European Commission known as "D.G. III". Following the decision to carry out reform of the European Institutions, the Industry Directorate General has become part of a renamed and restructured entity. The construction unit still exists but now forms part of an enlarged Directorate General "D.G. Enterprise". This has brought together the former Industry D.G., the former D.G for small and medium enterprises and the innovation part of the former Directorate General for Telecommunications and Information Technology.
Mr Karlheinz Zachmann of the European Commission, who runs a Construction Contact Point for the major pan-European bodies representing the construction sector has attended a number of ECCE meetings in recent years. Mr Zachmann is responsible for the EUROFEDAC database of all pan-European Construction related organisations which represents individual members. It is expected that the database will be completed in 2000 and made available on the Construction units "Create" web site (accessible via the Commission pages on the Europa web-site at http://www.europa.eu.int).
Communication with new members of the European Parliament started soon after the June 1999 elections, focusing on those members of the European Parliament with a particular interest in the built environment. In autumn 99 Mr Tillich was named European Minister for the German Bundesland of Sachsen Anhalt. As no MEP has been identified who is willing to chair the CRANE group and ensure its continuation, contact is being maintained on issues of direct concern.
| THE WORK OF THE ECCE TASK FORCES: |
Four Task Forces were held at the ECCE meeting on Friday 5th May. These were Research and Development, Professional Recognition, Information Technology and Environment. In the course of the meeting a vote was held on the future of individual Task Forces.
It was agreed that an Education Task Force would remain, chaired by Vasillis Economopoulos which would incorporate the Professional Recognition Task Force chaired by John Whitwell. Other related activities in this sphere are those of the EUCEET project in which Executive Committee Member Professor Iacint Manoliu of UAICR, Romania has been playing an active role. A further Task Force has been set up in the EUCEET project to focus on what the profession desires of civil engineering education. This is chaired by ECCE Past-President Gerard Baron. .
The other Task Forces to take place on the morning of the ECCE meeting were Research and Development, chaired by Guy Benattar of ECCE, France; Information Technology chaired by Stephen Vincent of the ICE, UK which has Rasso Stenman of the German Section of ECCE as Vice-Chairman.
Measures are being taken to ensure that environmental issues continue to be represented. Diana Maxwell stood in for the Environment Task Force Chairman in May and at the main meeting it was recommended that Professor Santiago Fernandez of the Colegio in Spain be offered Chairmanship of the Task Force.
The Ethics Task Force did not meet separately as the draft Code of Conduct for Professional Civil Engineers was in final draft form and thus required discussion and vote from all ECCE members present.
| Education and Training Chairman: Mr Vassilis Economopoulos of Greece |
The existing structures of civil
engineering education and training in Europe are as follows:
Work has been ongoing for some time on a Task Force study (using existing material and results of questionnaires) and it is hoped that a final draft will be distributed to members in 2000.
| Professional Recognition Chairman: Mr John Whitwell, ECCE Secretary General |
This Task Force is developing a proposal to create a
European Register of Professional Civil Engineers. This aspires to creating a greater
recognition of equivalence of engineering qualifications and enabling the professional
mobility of civil engineering professionals.
A sixth draft was discussed with members in Rome in May 2000.
An initiative of former European Commissioner Sir Leon Brittan - The Transatlantic Economic aims to speed up services liberalisation negotiations which on a global scale are negotiated within the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), one of the basic pillars of the World Trade Organisations (WTO). ECCE subscribes to the European Services Network which provides a great deal of information on industry positions and negotiations in relation to GATS.
The EU and the US Department of Commerce are involved in negotiations to improve the mobility of the professional on both sides of the Atlantic. Negotiations seek to ensure a system common to all these initiatives civil engineering mobility is seen as a vital part of the initiatives. ECCE is proposing that its own system will harmonise with the Engineering Mobility Forum and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC). Then it is hoped that as and when all other countries expand into a multi-disciplinary format, the whole thing could expand into a mutli-disciplinary agreement. However, this day is still in the far distance.
ECCEs target is to work between the May and October meetings to establish an improved text to set up a system under which every member interested would develop a register. John Whitwell advised members that no one is asked to change their existing registers but has the opportunity, if it wishes, to develop a system that fits in with this general system.
| Environment |
Whilst awaiting a decision on which ECCE representative would take over the Chair of the Environment Task Force, ECCE Deputy Secretary Diana Maxwell briefed members current issues and proposals being prepared in Brussels which will affect the sector. She urged all members to play their part in supporting ECCE in presenting the view-point of the built environment to civil servants and politicians. ECCE has created a strong network of contacts and is respected for the balanced views which it presents on behalf of professional civil engineers. For these views to continue to carry weight, it is important that as many members as possible express their views freely to ensure that final position papers reflect all the membership. ECCEs membership covers all of Europe north and south, east and west and it is important that this diversity is reflected in its work.
The European Commission carried out a consultation on the Sixth Action Programme for the Environment and some initial thoughts have been prepared, focusing on transport, urban environment, water, waste and enlargement issues.
Since February 2000 the European Commission has been circulating a White Paper on Environmental Liability. Initial fears that this would impose severe restrictions on the construction sector have abated. Earlier drafts threatened much more severe effects than the current document. However, Members were advised that the wording in the current document is rather loose. This could result in either a Directive which is unclear or problems could slip in in a redrafting phase for the final Directive. Members were asked to submit their comments on the legislation prior to mid-June in order to allow ECCE to submit its comments for the 30th June deadline.
Another area in which ECCE was active in the past and has been asked to comment again is that of construction waste. The Environment Directorate of the European Commission was schedule to host a meeting on 8th May on the subject of Construction Waste and ECCE participation had been requested. A detailed paper had been submitted in 1998, largely with support from members from the U.K., France and Denmark. In the course of discussion, Paul Camilleri of Malta pointed to the need to emphasise the need to adapt technology transfer to different climates and circumstances, a proposal that was supported by Andreas Constantinides of the Cyprus Council of Civil Engineers. Task Force Members were asked to comment on the current Commission thinking on the subject before early June.
| Research and DevelopmentChairman: Guy Benattar of France |
In Spring 2000 Guy Benattar circulated details of work
being prepared by Commission Busquin of France relating to the European Research Area.
Mike Thorn of the Institution of Civil Engineers Research and Development Committee had
written a detailed response which stressed the need to be prepared and to push points. A
follow-up to this had been submitted by Antonió Adao da Fonseca and members were
encouraged to contribute their views. Members were asked to focus in particular on the
questions: Why do European Firms spend less on construction research and development?; and
Should research and development money be concentrated on areas which the private sector
will not cover e.g. fundamental research or should public research and development
spending be oriented towards obtaining clear results?" During the May Task Force
meeting there was also discussion on networking on Centres of Excellence and it was felt
that there was a need for a network of Centres of Excellence and to build on this
capacity. Comparisons were made with the education and training-based EUCEET network.
Members were reminded that the Fifth Framework Programme and the City of the Future has made 15 billion Euros available for research. There are possibilities for countries outside the EU to participate. Co-operation is possible with third countries to an amount of Euro 475 million. ECCE members can find up-to-date information available on the world wide web. The internet address is http://www.cordis.lu.
Gerard Baron continues to be an industry representative on the TRA-EFCT (Targeted Research Acton Environmentally Friendly Construction Technologies) activity organised by ECCREDI, the European Committee for Construction Research Development and Innovation, and funded by the European Commission. The four-year TRA-EFCT project began under the European Commission-funded BRITE EURAM programme. Gerard Baron explained that it is now in its third year and is seeking means to continue working beyond March 2001 as Thematic Networks. Whilst Commission programmes are available on the internet, they are seen as difficult to download and not always clear. The TRA-EFCT workshops are considered useful and offer the bet opportunity for contact between the European Commission and professionals.
Details of the TRA-EFCT can be found on the internet on: http://www.tra-efct.com
| Information Technology Chairman: Stephen Vincent |

The second activity relating to the Information Technology Task Force related to links with the European Commission. The in-put to the Commission actions on Competitiveness in Construction continued and has increasingly focused on the business-to-business (B2B) application of IT for the construction sector. In addition, consultation responses have been sent by Diana Maxwell on behalf of ECCE on the subjects of the European Commission proposals on e-Europe and an Information Society for all and also on the Commission proposal for a "dotEU" domain name. This has been done to ensure that ECCE played its part in highlighting the need for standards and education and training.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the Practice of Building and Civil Engineering is the subject of the ECCE Worldwide Symposium to be held in Finland from 6th to 8th June 2001.
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The
First Worldwide ECCE Symposium, "Computers in the Practice of Building and Civil
Engineering", was held in Lahti, Finland, in September 1997. The symposium attracted
around 160 participants from 29 countries. The Second Worldwide ECCE Symposium "ICT in the Practice of Building and Civil Engineering", will update delegates on the state of the art and future perspectives related to practical use of ICT in building and civil engineering. The symposium is organised by the Association of Finnish Civil Engineers (RIL) and the Technical Research Centre of Finland, Building Technology (VTT), with the co-operation and support of the European Council of Civil Engineers (ECCE), and with the co-sponsorships of the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), the European Group for Structural Engineering Application of Artificial Intelligence (EG-SEA-AI) and the International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI). The focus of this symposium is the practical use of applications of ICT in building and civil engineering. The following themes have been chosen: ICT-supported development of processes and management, information networking, methods and software tools, practical integration of information for the life-cycle and success stories in the practical applications of ICT. |
| For
further information please contact the: RIL Symposium Secretariat Association of Finnish Civil Engineers RIL Meritullinkatu 16A5 FIN 00170 Helsinki Finland |
Telephone:
+358 9 6840 780 Fax: +358 9 1357 670 e-mail: siv.forsten@ril.fiinternet: www.ril.fi/ecce.htm |
| Ad Hoc Task Force on "The Ethics and Deontology of Civil Engineers in Europe" chaired by Mike Cottell |
| Links with other organisations: |
The aim of ECCREDI is to contribute to the competitiveness, quality, safety and environmental performance of the construction sector and to the overall sustainability of the built environment, by increasing the extent and effectiveness of construction research, technical and process development as well as innovation. Among its Members are: Architects Council of Europe, the European Cement Association, the European council for Building Professionals (ECBP), European Federation of Engineering Consultancy Associations, European Network of Building Research Institutes (ENBRI), The European Network of Construction Companies for Research and Development (ENCORD), The Consortium of European Building Control (CEBC).
ECCREDI recently held a Council Meeting which was attended by ECCE Deputy Secretary John Whitwell. At this meeting the status of the first and second calls as well as forthcoming calls in the R&D Fifth Framework Programme were discussed and a project overview was given. A revised TRA EFCT newsletter was also circulated at the meeting and the initiative for the 3rd ECCREDI/TRA Special FP5 Workshop was welcomed and approved. A transfer from TRA EFCT to STN was considered and the draft proposal outline for the new STN was presented. Other matters discussed were the Virtual Institute European portal site for the Construction Sector, the ECCREDI innovation study, the Intersectoral Platform "City of the Future" and several Policy and internal issues. The next steering group meeting is scheduled for 26th October 2000 and the next council meeting for 13th November 2000.
ECCEs President and Secretariat also hold meetings with ECBP, the European Council of Building Professionals.
ECCE has bilateral links with the following organisations:
JSCE (the Japan Society of Civil Engineers); ASCE (the American Society of Civil Engineers) and WFEO (the World Federation of Engineering Organisations) whereby information on activities is exchanged on a regular basis.
As Part of EXPO2000 the World Engineers Convention was held from the 19th 21st June 2000 by the VDI Verein Deutscher Ingenieure. The central theme of both EXPO2000 and the Engineers Convention was "Mankind Nature Technology". The Convention covered a wide range of subjects. There were congresses on Information and Communication; Environment, Climate and Health; Mobility; Energy; Future of Work. John Whitwell was scheduled to attend the Convention and present a paper. As a result of time pressure he was not able to participate. His paper was, however, included in the documentation
| Diary Dates ... next ECCE meeting |
Proposals have already been received for 2001: Portugal has offered to host a meeting on 11th - 12th May in Oporto, Portugal. Oporto will then will be Cultural Capital of Europe. The schedule of subsequent meetings is:
2001 October Ljubliana, Slovenia
2002 Spring Greece (location to be confirmed)
| More Dates for the Diary |
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SEFI Conference, Paris 6,7,8 September 2000 This Conference is entitled "The Many Facets of International Education of Engineers. Paper topics range from "The Basic Education of An Engineer" to "International Co-operation between Institutions." ECCE President António Adão da Fonseca will be taking part in one of the round table discussions. |
| For further
information, please contact: Françoise Bourgain, Chef du Service des Colloques
ENPC-PFE, 28 rue des Saints-Pères, 75343 Paris cedex 07 Telephone: +33 (0) 144 58 28 22 or 25, Fax: +33 (0) 1 44 58 28 30 e-mail: bourgain@paris.enpc.fr., website: www.geiparis.org/sefi2000 |
|
Engineering Day, Budapest,Hungary, 5th October
TRA-EFCT Annual Workshop, Lisbon, 28th to 29th October
| Whos Who in ECCE |
The ECCE secretariat is provided by the Institution of Civil Engineers. John Whitwell, Deputy Secretary of Qualifications and External Affairs at ICE is ECCE Secretary General and Diana Maxwell, ICE European Affairs Manager is Deputy Secretary.
Initial enquiries about ECCEs activities should be made to your representative organisation or to the Secretariat. National organisations wishing to enquire about membership of ECCE should contact the ECCE Secretariat for a full application pac
k.| Membership of ECCE at present
comprises: Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey and the United Kingdom. A formal application has been submitted by the Polish Association of Civil Engineers and by the Russian Society of Civil Engineers. Lithuania has now attended a meeting of ECCE as an observer as has Malta. Information on ECCE activities has also been requested by Moldova and Belgium. |
| ECCE on-line The ECCE
web site Created in 1998, this sets out ECCE aims and objectives and also provides a compendium of ECCE news. Through a special chamber, ECCE representatives are able to view proposed responses to technical consultations on proposed EU legislation or measures. National representatives of ECCE hold a password which they can share with selected experts who have been asked to provide input to consultation documents or position papers in progress. The site was created by a small specialist firm, Jackson and Bond, who have made it possible for members to exchange news and views and respond to consultations within this private forum. Feedback on development of the site is welcomed by the ECCE Secretariat. Contact details for Jackson and Bond are as follows: O. Bond Esq. Jackson and Bond, South Bank House, Black Prince Road London SE1 7SJ FAX (0044) 20 7793 4048 |
| ECCE on the Web: http://www.eccenet.org
ECCE Secretariat: The European Council of Civil Engineers, 1-7 Great George Street, London SW1P 3AA Tel: (+44) 20 7222 7722 Fax: (+44) 207 222 7500 e-mail: diana..maxwell@ice.org.uk |