ECCE BRUSSELS BRIEF - DECEMBER 2005

 

Research and Development expenditure in the European Union

Some facts gleaned from the preliminary EUROSTAT report published in December 2005:

The business sector finances the highest share of EU25 expenditure on R&D (54%), followed by the government sector (35%) and funding from abroad (9%). Among Member States, Luxembourg (80%) recorded the largest share of R&D expenditure financed by the business sector in 2003, followed by Finland (70%), Germany (66%), Sweden (65%), Denmark (61%) and Belgium (60%). Three Member States registered shares for the business sector of 20% or less: Lithuania (17%), Malta (19% in 2002) and Cyprus (20%).

 

 

R&D intensity,
R&D expenditure as% of GDP

R&D expenditure1

R&D expenditure financed by business sector, as% of total

 

2001

2003

2004

2004
(mio euro)

Annual average growth rate in real terms (%)
2001-2004

2003

EU25

1.93

1.92

1.90p

195 042p

1.3

54.3

Belgium

2.17

1.92

1.93p

5 465p

-2.3

60.3

Czech Republic

1.22

1.26

1.28

1 100

4.5

51.5

Denmark

2.40

2.59

2.63p

5 112p

4.3

61.3

Germany

2.46

2.52

2.49p

55 100p

0.8

66.3

Estonia

0.73

0.82

0.91p

83p

15.6

33.0

Greece

0.64

0.62

0.58p

967p

1.1

30.7

Spain

0.92

1.05

:

8 213*

10.2

48.4

France

2.20

2.18

2.16p

35 648p

0.9

50.8

Ireland

1.12

1.16

1.20

1 780

7.3

59.1

Italy

1.11

1.14

:

14 769*

1.3

:

Cyprus

0.26

0.35

0.37p

46p

15.2

19.8

Latvia

0.41

0.38

0.42

47

8.6

33.2

Lithuania

0.68

0.68

0.76

137

12.2

16.7

Luxembourg

:

1.78

:

426*

3.6

80.4

Hungary

0.95

0.95

0.89

721

1.5

30.7

Malta

:

0.27

0.29p

12p

1.4

18.6**

Netherlands

1.81

1.76

1.77p

8 657p

-0.1

50.9

Austria

2.04

2.19p

2.26p

5 346p

5.1

43.9

Poland

0.64

0.56

0.58

1 139

0.4

30.3

Portugal

0.85

0.78

:

1 020*

-4.3

31.7

Slovenia

1.56

1.54p

1.61p

418p

4.6

59.3

Slovakia

0.64

0.58

0.53

174

-1.8

45.1

Finland

3.38

3.48

3.51

5 253

4.0

70.0

Sweden

4.27

3.98

3.74

10 426

-2.1

65.0

United Kingdom

1.89

1.88

:

30 092*

2.2

43.9

Bulgaria

0.47

0.50

0.51

99

8.2

26.8

Croatia

:

1.14

:

292*

6.7

42.1

Romania

0.39

0.40

0.40

235

:

45.4

Turkey

0.72

0.66**

:

1 280**

-1.0

41.3**

Iceland

3.08

2.97

3.01

297

1.7

43.9

Norway

1.60

1.75

:

3411*

5.2

49.2

China

1.07

1.31

:

16 444*

:

60.1

Japan

3.07

3.15

:

119 748*

1.8

74.5

United States

2.71

2.59p

:

251 577p*

-0.1

63.1

 

 

 

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